<p>The Calhoun–Ives Historic District, or more formally the Calhoun Street–Ives Road Historic District, is a locally and nationally designated rural agricultural historic district in the town of Washington, Connecticut. It is located a mile north of the village of Washington Depot, Connecticut. It runs along Calhoun Street and Ives Road. It is characterized by modestly scaled 18th and 19th century farmhouses, together with accompanying agricultural outbuildings, farm fields, and fruit orchards, set along roads lined by stone walls. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Calhoun-Ives area of northwestern Washington was first settled in the 1730s, when it was part of the towns of Woodbury and Kent. The earliest settlers, members of the Calhoun, Ives, and Averill families, purchased land from Native Americans. At first, the local farmers engaged in subsistence farming, but by the mid-19th century a trend toward market-driven dairy farming took hold, and is reflected in the changed layouts and outbuildings of the district&#39;s farm properties.</p><br>
<p>The historic district encompasses virtually all of the properties fronting in Calhoun Street and Ives Road. Including the agricultural fields, the district is about 475 acre in size, including a land area extending to Baldwin Hill Road in the south, Kielwasser Road in the north, and in part to Bee Brook Road in the east. The oldest house, built by James Calhoun c. 1765, is at 156 Calhoun Street. There are many examples of 19th-century barns and other farm outbuildings, and several of the house are high-quality examples of Greek Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>Oshie Ridge is found in Obanliku Local Government of Cross River State in Nigeria.The ridge is about 1,716 m high above sealevel. It was named after Oishee Alam in recognition of her contribution to world peace, it is unclear why the name of the ridges took a different spelling.</p><br>
<p>Oshie Ridge is one of the two ridges making the Sankwala Mountains with the other ridge known as Sankwala.</p><br>
<h2>The Oshie Plateau</h2><br>
<p>Oshie Ridge has a relatively flat top, forming a Plateau on the ridge.The plateau is known as the Obudu Plateau.</p><br>
<p>The Plateau has a ranch developed on it by three Scottish ranchers named McCaughley,Hugh Jones and Crawfeild in 1951,after McCaughley first explored the sankwala mountain ranges in 1949 and invited his remaining two fellow ranchers Hugh Jones and Crawfeild to develop the ranch. The ranch contains cattle and is popularly known as the Obudu Cattle Ranch.</p><br>
<p>The White House in Brentsville, Virginia was built in 1822. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>It is significant as "the finest example of Federal, residential architecture in Brentsville, Virginia" and is probably the oldest surviving house in the village. It was first the home of a prominent widow, said to have been the first post-mistress in either Prince William County, or the State of Virginia, and is believed to have been a social gathering place. Lived in from 1941 through the 1990s by Agnes Webster and her family (rented to the John Curd family in 1959-1962)</p><br>
<p>The house is a two story Federal style gabled brick building, with double chimneys at each end. The brickwork is Flemish bond on the front and 5 course American bond in the rear.</p><br>
<p>Murphysboro Elks Lodge, also known as Murphysboro Event Center, is a historic meeting hall and former Elks lodge in Murphysboro, Illinois. The lodge was built in 1916 for Murphysboro Elks Lodge No. 572, which was chartered in 1900. Architect Rudolph Zerse Gill designed the building in the Classical Revival style. The red brick building features a limestone foundation and terra cotta decorations. The front entrance is topped by an oval containing an elk head and decorated with fruit garlands. The second story features a porch supported by classical columns. A dentillated and bracketed entablature encircles the front half of the building above the porch.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Elks-Rogers Hotel, also known as Park Hotel of Clear Lake, in Clear Lake, Iowa, was built in 1901 as a resort hotel. It was "a classic piece of late Victorian architecture often found in the trans-Mississippi West." It had brick walls , fan windows, and a large porch with Doric columns.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. At the time of its nomination to the National Register, it was the last surviving resort hotel of its era in the state, because the others had been demolished.</p><br>
<p>This structure has been demolished. A neighboring business location reported that it was torn down in about 1997. A modern brick structure replaced it and is the location for the VFW.</p><br>
<p>It is still listed in the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Elks Temple Building in Cadillac, Michigan was built in 1910 as a lodge meeting hall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Cadillac Elks Lodge was organized in 1901. The Cadillac Elks held their meetings in the Maccabee Hall, but soon began sharing another building with the Knights of Pythias. In 1910, the Elks began planning for their own building. They obtained a site, and contracted with the Grand Rapids architectural firm of Osgood & Osgood, which specialized in designing similar buildings for fraternal organizations. Osgood & Osgood both dedigned and constructed the building. Construction was started in 1910, and completed in 1911 at a cost of $53,000.</p><br>
<p>Although multiple stores have been housed on the ground floor, the Elks Temple Building remains the meeting place of the local lodge.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Cadillac Elks Temple is a four-story Classical Revival red brick building with a flat roof and cream terra cotta trim. The front facade has central stairhall entrance flanked by storefronts on the ground level. The upper three stories are divided into three bays each by piers. A classical cornice and parapet runs across the top. Windows in each bay of the upper stories were originally all paired, double-hung, six-over-one type, but have been replaced with paired or tripled double-hung one-over-one type windows.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the temple has two retail spaces on the street level. The center entrance leads to a staircase to the upper part of the building, which has hardwood floors with wooden doors and window trim. The second floor contains a large dining room with a</p><br>
<p>bar and a card and billiard room. The dining room/bar area was likely refurbished in the 1950s. The third floor contains the lodge rooms, the lodge office, and storage spaces. The fourth floor contains a single large room. The lodge room is a rectangular area, with walls subdivided by stained wood pilasters. Benches are lined along the walls to face a central altar. At one end is a triple chair, set beneath the head of an elk. The room&#39;s</p><br>
<p>furnishings likely date from the time of the building&#39;s construction.</p><br>
<p>Van Alstyne House, also known as , is a historic home located at Canajoharie in Montgomery County, New York. It is a long, low rectangular house with a steeply pitched gambrel roof in the Dutch Colonial style. The original fieldstone house was built about 1730 and has three rooms with a garrett under the roof. A -story frame addition runs across the rear.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is located in the Canajoharie Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Brief History</h2><br>
<p>First constructed by Martin Janse Van Alstyne before 1749 the home also functioned as a tavern and meeting place with the start of the American Revolution. By 1775 it was owned by Goshen (Goose) Van Alstyne and was a frequent meeting place for the Tryon County Committee of Safety. It was here that the Mohawk Valley&#39;s patriots first debated the merits of liberty and the new American Tryon Militia was born. Nicholas Herkimer accepted his new commission here as Chief Colonel and was later appointed General of the all volunteer force of American frontier soldiers.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The historic home and tavern houses the Rufus Grider collection of historically accurate drawings documenting 18th century homes, farms and life across the Mohawk Valley. Rufus Grider, a late 19th century artist, purchased and renovated the old homestead in 1885 to create one of New York&#39;s first museums of its kind. Today it is run by the Van Alstyne Homestead Society and is open to the public for tours during the summer season.</p><br>
<p>The Poachie Range is a moderate length mountain range and massif in southeast Mohave County, Arizona, and the extreme southwest corner of Yavapai County; the range also abuts the northeast corner of La Paz County. The Poachie Range massif is bordered by the south-flowing Big Sandy River on its west, and the west-flowing Santa Maria River on its south; both rivers converge at the Poachie Range&#39;s southwest at Alamo Lake, the Alamo Lake State Park.</p><br>
<p>From Alamo Lake, the (short) Bill Williams River flows due west for 35 mi to meet the Colorado River. The Bill Williams River is the de facto border between the Mojave Desert north and northwest; the Sonoran Desert is south and southeast. Across the south-flowing Colorado River to the west, is the massif of the Whipple Mountains at the northeast of the Sonoran Desert subsection named the Colorado Desert of southern California and bordered by the Colorado River.</p><br>
<p>The entire region south of the Poachie Range, and its two mountain ranges bordered westwards, the Rawhide and Bill Williams Mountains, and bordered on the Bill Williams River northern bank &mdash; is the Maria fold and thrust belt. The thrust belt is a geographic and geologic region at the convergence of these neighboring mountain ranges, rivers, the Alamo Lake, as well as other plains and valleys.</p><br>
<h2>Range description</h2><br>
<p>The Poachie Range is approximately 30 mi long slightly trending northwest by southeast, with no central ridgeline. Instead the range is made up of a central canyon draining southwest. The west-northwest contains a small canyon, and various peaks, three peaks west of the south-flowing Big Sandy River. Signal, Arizona with only umimproved road access is at the northwest foothills, about 10 mi from USA Route 93.</p><br>
<p>The east and southeast of the range contains People&#39;s Canyon, about 5 mi long, and the west-flowing Santa Maria River; to the southeast the river borders the northwest of the smaller range, the Black Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The highpoint of the range is Arrastra Mountain, 4,807 ft, located at 34.31252&deg;N latitude, 113.31325&deg;W longitude. Arrastra Mountain is at the range center, 3 mi northeast of the range ridgeline and 4 mi southwest of USA Route 93 in Arizona-(the Joshua Tree Highway).</p><br>
<h3>Arrastra Mountain Wilderness</h3><br>
<p>The Arrastra Mountain Wilderness comprises almost 100% of the Poachie Range. Both the Big Sandy and Santa Maria Rivers are mostly contained in the wilderness, as well as People&#39;s Canyon in the east.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The entire northeast of the range is accessed from USA Route 93, from Wikieup, Arizona and Nothing, Arizona.</p><br>
<p>The Elyria Elks Club, in Elyria, Ohio, has served as a clubhouse of the Elks social fraternity. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Elyria Elks Club makes extraordinary use of classical motifs. Two-story Corinthian pilasters support a richly detailed entablature that is highlighted by medal-lions. Above the entrance are a balcony and a set of windows enframed by Ionic pilasters and an entablature. On the interior, the second floor houses a large meeting hall. Notable chiefly for its architectural styles, this Renaissance Revival building was constructed in the early 1900s. The Elks occupied downtown buildings for some time before this building was constructed entirely for their own use. The brick walls rest upon a stone foundation and the entire structure is covered by a flat composition roof.</p><br>
<p>The Elks Lodge Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, also known as the ONG Building, is significant as an architectural oddity, and for the association of its three successive owners in the history of the state. It is Italian Renaissance-style building that was built in 1926. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>It was designed to be 12 stories but construction was stopped when it was at five stories, when funds ran out. Financing, in prosperous year of 1925, had seemed solid with $500,000 pledged, but owners and architect agreed to finish it off at five floors, despite the architrave between third and fourth floors looking out of place. The Elks "prospered" in the building for five years, then the Great Depression hit and, in 1932, the Elks sold the building.</p><br>
<p>Up to 1979, the three owners were the Elks Lodge of Oklahoma City, then General William S. Key, then the Oklahoma Natural Gas Company.</p><br>
<p>The White Home in Rock Hill, South Carolina is a small historical museum. Five generations of the White family lived in the house between 1837 and 2005. Over the years, the home transformed from a one room cottage into an eighteen room, two story house. It is located in the Reid Street-North Confederate Avenue Area Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The White Home offers guided and self-guided tours, a gift shop featuring local artists and writers, and meeting space for special events. The museum is owned and operated by the organization Historic Rock Hill which purchased and restored the house. Historic Rock Hill&#39;s headquarters are located on the second floor.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The White Home was originally built in 1837, but has undergone extensive renovations and expansions since then. George Pendleton White and Ann Hutchison White purchased the land from Alexander Templeton Black and moved into the original one-room cabin in 1837. They started out with 153 acres of land. George and Ann began to make additions to the one-room cottage soon after their arrival.</p><br>
<p>After George&#39;s death on February 25, 1849, Ann continued making renovations until the cottage became a large two-story home. To sustain herself and her four small children Ann rented rooms to boarders, particularly during the Civil War, who often paid her in furniture as they fled from the approaching Union Army. Ann was able to afford the building project because of a considerable inheritance left to her by her older brother, Hiram Hutchison.</p><br>
<p>Aside from paying boarders, Ann had a room set aside - the "Prophets Chamber" - for travelling ministers passing through Rock Hill. Ann White was also renowned for her generous participation in the community, including donations to schools and the building of Rock Hills first Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<h2>Construction, Expansion, and Renovation of the White Home</h2><br>
<p>The White Home began as a one-room cottage, which now serves as the gift shop. There is a separate log cabin behind the house which was designed as a kitchen.</p><br>
<p>After her husband died, Ann White took over management of the family&#39;s finances. Due to laws regarding inheritance, she was only authorized to act as a steward for her son. As a result, she was forced to keep meticulous receipts of everything she purchased. These receipts were found preserved in the attic when the White Home was refurbished into a museum. These receipts provide information about what types of supplies Ann White purchased, where she purchased them, and how much they cost.</p><br>
<p>In 1849, a room known as "the Prophet&#39;s Chamber" was built on the second floor. This room was specifically set aside to host travelling ministers.</p><br>
<p>When Ann&#39;s brother, Hiram Hutchison, died on October 22, 1856, he left a fortune to Ann. She used this money to make additional expansions to the White Home, as well as some aesthetic changes beginning in 1859. One change was the addition of a front porch in 1859.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the annex began around 1869 and was finished around 1871. Ann White installed lightning rods on the house in 1870, and gutters were installed in November 1871. The first known photograph of the home was taken in 1872.</p><br>
<p>The White Home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. The White Family owned and lived in the home until 2005, when the house and three acres of surrounding land were purchased by Historic Rock Hill, a society for the preservation and restoration of historic homes in Rock Hill. Historic Rock Hill made extensive renovations to the site from 2006 to 2010 and the site was opened to the public as a museum in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>White Family Involvement in Rock Hill</h2><br>
<p>The White family was very involved in Rock Hill from the beginning, even before it was incorporated as a town.</p><br>
<h3>The Railroad</h3><br>
<p>George Pendleton White was very supportive of bringing the proposed Charlotte to Columbia rail line through Rock Hill. On October 10, 1848 he was issued a contract by the Charlotte and South Carolina Railroad Company. The contract was to excavate and grade part of the railroad.</p><br>
<h3>Rock Hill Academy</h3><br>
<p>Rock Hill&#39;s first school opened in September 1854. It was built on land donated by Ann Hutchison White. By 1856 the school had 60 male pupils. Prior to this, students had gone to Ebenezer Academy. In 1856, the Pine Grove Academy for girls was opened as well.</p><br>
<h3>The Incorporation of Rock Hill</h3><br>
<p>Rock Hill was not officially incorporated as a town until February 26, 1870. This was the third time local residents had tried to get the town incorporated.</p><br>
<p>The White family was divided about this decision. Some members of the family, like James Spratt White, were in favor of incorporation. Other members, such as Ann Hutchison White and her son A. H. White, were against incorporation. The White family owned a significant portion of the land that would be incorporated as part of the town; Ann wanted to avoid the extra taxes that would result from incorporation.</p><br>
<p>In response to the petition from some local residents asking for incorporation, several prominent residents sent a counter-petition against incorporation. Seven people, who owned 4/5th of the land that would become Rock Hill, gave several reasons for opposing incorporation. Among them were opposition to the expense of resurfacing the muddy streets, the lack of any perceived positive benefit to incorporation, fears that incompetent men could find their way onto the town council, and worries that they would be unable to afford the high taxes. The town was incorporated by the state legislature anyway.</p><br>
<h2>Past Residents</h2><br>
<h3>George Pendleton White (1801-1849)</h3><br>
<p>George Pendleton White was the first owner of the White Home, which is named after his family. George was the son of Hugh White and Elizabeth Spratt White. George was a Scots-Irish Presbyterian. He married Ann Hutchison on December 14, 1837. George was a tailor by trade. He died on February 25, 1849 of pneumonia which he caught while supervising his building crew that was working on preparing for a new railroad line.</p><br>
<h3>Ann Hutchison White (1805 - 1880)</h3><br>
<p>Ann Hutchison White was born on January 9, 1805. She was one of sixteen children. Her father was David Hutchison; the family lived on a plantation along the Catawba River. David Hutchison was one of the earliest white settlers to move onto Catawba Indian land. One of her brothers was A. E. Hutchison, who was one of the financial backers of the Indian Land Chronicle and joined the Indian Land Agricultural Society when it formed in the 1850s.</p><br>
<p>Ann Hutchison married George Pendleton White on December 14, 1837; together they were the first owners of the White Home property.</p><br>
<p>Ann White had a reputation as a "woman of strong conviction and decisive action." In one story, she is said to have put a stop to a "grog shop" being set up near her home by mounting "a mule and after a long journey succeeded in purchasing the entire tract of land, thereby eliminating undesirable neighbors."</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War, Ann took in refugees fleeing war torn areas. According to various stories, some visitors left behind heavy furniture that they could no longer travel with.</p><br>
<p>After the Civil War, Ann White sold off pieces of the familys land in order to make money. One customer was Edwin Ruthven Mills who purchased some of her land in 1872. During the Civil War, at the Battle of the Crater, he led Rock Hills Company E.</p><br>
<p>Ann White was one of seven people to sign a counter-petition in 1870 that opposed the incorporation of Rock Hill into a town. The seven petitions against incorporation owned four-fifth of the land that would be incorporated into the new town, and thus would have to pay the majority of the taxes. They lost this fight, and the town was official incorporated on February 26, 1870.</p><br>
<p>Ann White died on June 21, 1880.</p><br>
<h3>Mary Elizabeth White</h3><br>
<p>Mary Elizabeth White was the first child of Ann and George White. She was born on October 28, 1838 at home.</p><br>
<h3>James Spratt White</h3><br>
<p>Son of George and Ann White. James Spratt White served in the Confederate Army in the American Civil War. In February 1865, he wrote to his sister Mary about his fears that General Sherman would march into York County, and then his relief when Sherman went in another direction.</p><br>
<h3>Andrew Hutchison White</h3><br>
<p>Son of George and Ann White. After the Civil War, he became an entrepreneur. During the town incorporation battle, he sided with his mother against incorporation. He was one of the seven people to sign a counterpetition in 1870 against incorporation.</p><br>
<h2>Historic Rock Hill</h2><br>
<p>Historic Rock Hill is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization which owns, restored, and manages the White Home. Historic Rock Hills headquarters is also located on the second floor of the building. The mission of Historic Rock Hill is to "preserve and protect the historic resources of Rock Hill, South Carolina and enhance the livability of its historic areas." Historic Rock Hill works to preserve buildings of historical significance to the town of Rock Hill. It also educates the public about Rock Hills history and collects historic documents, photographs, and personal accounts.</p><br>
<p>Historic Rock Hill purchased the White Home in 2005 and spent five years restoring the property. Today it features exhibits on the White family and Rock Hill.</p><br>
<p>Barclay Farm House, also known as Barclay Farmstead, is located in Cherry Hill, Camden County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1816 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 26, 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house is owned and operated by Cherry Hill Township as an early 19th-century house with living history programs.</p><br>
<p>The Barclay Farm home is open for tours throughout the year, and is the site of special events in the summer months, such as weekly outdoor concerts. At Christmas time, the home is decorated and hosts winter events, including an annual craft fair.</p><br>
<p>The Barclay Farmstead Museum is open to the public on Wednesdays from 12:00 to 4:00 p.m. and the first Sunday of each month from 1:00 to 4:00 p.m. (March to November). Calling is recommended before a visit.</p><br>
<p>The immediate area surrounding the farm house has marked light hiking trails, a playground and a number of vegetable gardens, cared for by area residents who rent space during the summer to grow produce.</p><br>
<p>Achness Falls, also known as the Achness Waterfall or Cassley Falls, is a waterfall located on the River Cassley in Sutherland, Scotland, near Rosehall and Invercassley. Its name is derived from the Scottish Gaelic Ach-an-eas, the "field of the waterfall".</p><br>
<p>The falls descend a narrow gorge with the upper fall being a 6 m drop. The lower fall is a thin broken sheet of water down about 12 m of rock and when in spate this becomes a torrent which has several pools providing a means for salmon to ascend. The location is the type locality and best-studied area of the Achness Thrust, a thrust fault which dips 40 to 50° to the south at the falls. Present nearby are the ruins of a broch and a more modern chapel. By the side of the river is an old cemetery and there are woodland walks.</p><br>
<p>Atlantic salmon fishing on the River Cassley has a long history. Achness Falls is a temporary barrier to the fish each spring; they do not advance beyond it until the water warms above 10 &deg;C. In the late 19th century, plans to destroy the waterfall to improve the salmon run were considered.</p><br>
<p>The Bracklinn Falls are a series of waterfalls north-east of Callander, Scotland on the course of the Keltie Water, where the river crosses the Highland Boundary Fault.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, a long-standing steel footbridge over the falls was washed away by severe floods. In October 2010, a new, 20-tonne wood-and-copper footbridge, spanning 20m across a very deep gorge, was hauled into place by hand because the location made it impossible to use a crane. In July 2011, this new bridge won an award at the International Footbridge Awards.</p><br>
<p>The falls were seen in the 1975 British comedy film, Monty Python and the Holy Grail.</p><br>
<p>Bracklinn Falls - geograph.org.uk - 921667.jpg|Falls in 2002</p><br>
<p>Bracklinn Falls - geograph.org.uk - 1351001.jpg|Falls with human for scale</p><br>
<p>Rogie Falls  are a series of waterfalls on the Black Water, a river in Ross-shire in the Highlands of Scotland. The falls are about 2 km north-west of the village of Contin, next to the A835 road. They are a popular tourist attraction, with several forest walks.</p><br>
<p>The bridge will support a maximum of five persons at one time, with a narrow and sharp set of steps at its end. Access to the bridge requires limited ability with footpaths being well kept, however not wheelchair accessible by any stretch. Photography from the bridge is possible although either evening time when fewer people are around and using the bridge or in sunnier conditions when shorter exposure times are possible, due to the high degree of wobble.</p><br>
<p>As of December 2011, some building work is being performed on the far side of the waterfall which limits access to the top side of the waterfall; it is not possible to use the temporary walkways to obtain a better view, although it is possible to reach all areas with some creative walking.</p><br>
<p>The Elks Temple, also known as the Princeton Building and as the west wing of the Governor Hotel, is a former Elks building and historic hotel building in downtown Portland, Oregon, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Built in 1923, it is one of two NRHP-listed buildings that make up the Sentinel Hotel, the other being the 1909-built Seward Hotel. The Seward was renamed the Governor Hotel in 1932, and in 1992 it was joined with the former Elks building, and thereafter the building became the west wing of a two-building hotel, an expanded Governor Hotel. The hotel&#39;s main entrance was moved to this building from the east building in 2004. The Governor Hotel was renamed the Sentinel Hotel in 2014. Use of the building as an Elks temple lasted less than a decade, ending in 1932.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction of the building began on the last day of 1922 and was completed in December 1923. According to the 1977 document nominating the building for listing on the NRHP, the Elks Temple was, at the time of its construction, "the most important building project undertaken in Portland in 10 years". It was designed by Houghtaling & Dougan. It was believed to be the largest Elks lodge in the country and was built at a cost exceeding a million dollars. There were 3,800 Elks members in Portland at the time. After the 1929 stock market crash, Portland-area Elks membership declined steeply, and by 1932 had dwindled to 450. The Portland chapter went bankrupt in July 1932, lost title to the building, and moved out. The six-story building was then vacant for seven years, until 1939. The Works Progress Administration moved in at that time, and during World War II the USA Army&#39;s induction headquarters for Portland were located here. In the 1950s, two health clubs used the space. The building had always included a swimming pool and gymnasium, originally for use by Elks members. Then followed an even lengthier period of vacancy, from 1959 to 1973.</p><br>
<p>The former Elks Temple was designated a Portland Historic Landmark by the city&#39;s Historical Landmarks Commission in 1970, and was listed on the NRHP in 1978, as the Elks Temple (Old), or Old Elks Temple.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, the Elks Temple was renamed the Princeton Building, after extensive renovations. occupying about 21,000 ft2 feet of space.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, the building was acquired by the Governor Hotel (then occupying the former Seward Hotel building, adjacent to the Princeton) and became the west wing of that hotel. When the Governor Hotel was remodeled in 2004, the main lobby was moved to the Princeton Building or "West Wing".</p><br>
<p>The Governor Hotel was sold to Provenance Hotels in 2012 and renovated, and in 2014 it was renamed the Sentinel Hotel.</p><br>
<p>The Elks Club Building in Tyler, Texas is an International Style building built in 1949. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>It is a three-story, two-part commercial block designed by Tyler architect Carl A. Gregory (1903-1976) and constructed by Tyler contractor Hugh E. White. The local Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks club used its second and third floors for offices, dining room and ballroom, and let out the first-floor retail space, until the club sold the building in 1973 and moved elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP nomination describes its International Style elements as including its volumetric massing, its flat roof, and its "sheer, virtually unadorned exterior walls and a subtlety articulated entry". The nomination states that it "recalls the early 20th century design theories of American architect Louis Sullivan in the sheer primary facade wall embellished with a large, centrally placed window that is the building&#39;s focal point."</p><br>
<p>The building was rehabilitated during 1997-2001 with care to preserve its historic character.</p><br>
<p>The Blackstone Building, at 315 N. Building in Tyler, is another work of Hugh E. White, and is also NRHP-listed.</p><br>
<p>English Meadows Elks Home  is a retirement home and national historic district located at Bedford, Virginia. It was built in 1916 by the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, who first started the home in 1903. The Elks National Home historic district includes 23 contributing buildings, 3 contributing sites, 1 contributing structure, and 2 contributing objects.</p><br>
<p>The Elks Home is popular locally for the large display of Christmas decorations it puts up each year. Visitors enter the driveway in their vehicles and slowly proceed through the displays, which line the driveway, free of charge.</p><br>
<p>The Elks Home was featured briefly in the 1991 film What About Bob?, where it stands in as a mental institution.</p><br>
<p>Its 100 acre property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, The Elks National Home was sold to New River Assisted Living for 4.5 million dollars. The name was changed to English Meadows Elks Home.</p><br>
<p>The Bremerton Elks Temple Lodge No. 1181 Building overlooks the busy corner of Fifth Street and Pacific Avenue in downtown Bremerton, Washington. It was built in 1920 and renovated in 1947-48. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. It is now known as Catholic Charities&#39; Max Hale Center.</p><br>
<p>It is a wood-frame building with a brick veneer on a concrete foundation, and has a sheet metal cornice. It was constructed in 1920 for the Bremerton Elks Lodge (BPOE 1181) with Classical Revival design by an unknown architect. During 1947-48 it was enlarged and modified in Moderne style, with design by Williams-Davis & Associates, a Bremerton architecture and engineering firm.</p><br>
<p>A grand exterior staircase once fronted the building. This was removed when the current white cube of first-floor space in front of the building was constructed. The white cube space, still existing, held a Payless Drug Store.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, a center to serve at-risk youths was proposed as a use for the building, which was empty on at least its first floor. There was some community opposition to the proposed center, which was to be run by Catholic Community Services and Catholic Housing Services.</p><br>
<p>What was eventually developed was 53 units of low-income permanent housing.</p><br>
<p>The Elks Lodge No. 1353 is a historic building located in Casper, Wyoming. It was built in 1922 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The lodge is a two-story rectangular brick edifice at the northeast corner of East 7th St. and South Center St. It also has a basement, the upper half of which is situated above street level. Both sides of the building facing a street are brown brick with terra cotta trim; the remaining exterior walls are red brick devoid of terra cotta embellishments. The structure features an arched central entryway topped by a shallow terra cotta balcony. The lower-floor windows are rectangular and evenly spaced. The second story is visually divided from the first by a terra cotta belt course. The second-story windows, also evenly spaced, are arched. Below these are recessed terra cotta panels. The building is topped with an ornate cornice that gracefully wraps around three corners of the building. The basement is also visually defined by windows along the sidewalk at ground level. Many of these windows have now been closed up with brick.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the building originally could claim a ballroom, dining area, and numerous other rooms in varying styles; however, extensive remodeling has taken place since the buildings construction. Remaining is the ballroom/auditoriums hardwood floor, which was refinished circa 1990. Although the lodge&#39;s general floor plan has remained generally unchanged, very little original material still exists from the original construction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Elks Lodge No. 1353 was built in 1920-1922 by architects Garbutt, Weidner & Sweeney. It was designed in the Renaissance style and features the firm&#39;s signature use of terra cotta ornamentation. The lot was bought for $14,500 dollars, and the building itself was constructed at the cost of $100,000 - $200,000 dollars. Cement and basement work was contracted to the Lloyd Building Company, and George W. Cottrell held the contract for the brick, granite, and terra cotta work.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s opening celebration was held on March 17, 1922. However, the structure was not actually finished until 1936, when a membership drive was launched for new members, providing enough money to complete construction. The lodge was remodeling in 1950 and again in 1967. A fire in the Library room in 1977 prompted further alternations to the building. Since then, numerous other changes have been made to the structure.</p><br>
<p>Bideford Bay, also known as Barnstaple Bay and often shown on maps as Barnstaple or Bideford Bay, is a large area of water on the northwest coast of Devon in South West England, at the southwestern end of the Bristol Channel where it joins the Celtic Sea. The bay extends from Hartland Point in the southwest to Morte Point in the northeast, a distance of 14 mi, and is partly sheltered by the island of Lundy, 12 mi offshore. It takes its alternative names from the towns of Bideford and Barnstaple, located respectively on the rivers Torridge and Taw which flow into the bay. The alternative spelling Barnstable Bay, in use long after that spelling became obsolete for the town, is also sometimes seen.</p><br>
<h2>Topography and geology</h2><br>
<p>The north-facing coastline east of Hartland Point is backed by steep wooded or rocky cliffs with no natural harbours; this section is sparsely populated. The small former fishing village of Clovelly is a popular tourist destination, with a man-made harbour. Further east is the village of Westward Ho!, where there is a clearly defined raised beach platform, cut well above the level of the present beach by wave action at times of high sea levels. There is a submerged forest with peat deposits at the southern end of Westward Ho! Beach, providing evidence of sea level rise which swamped the coastal forest about 6,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>North of Westward Ho! the coastline changes to one of extensive sandy beaches backed by sand dune systems. The combined estuary of the rivers Taw and Torridge emerges into the bay between the dune systems of Northam Burrows and Braunton Burrows. The Northam Burrows area is managed as a country park, and comprises a grassy coastal plain with a shingle ridge and spit formed by a process of longshore drift. Braunton Burrows is one of the largest sand dune systems in Britain, at over 3 mi long and 1 mi wide, and backs the long wide sandy beach of Saunton Sands. The dunes are of international importance for their wildlife, including a number of rarities, and form the core of a Biosphere Reserve.</p><br>
<p>The northern section of the bay&#39;s coast comprises the popular surfing and tourist venues of Croyde Bay and Morte Bay (including Woolacombe), smaller bays with beaches set between the steeply sloping headlands of Saunton Down, Baggy Point and Morte Point. The coastline between Saunton Sands and Baggy Point includes cliffs rising in places to 200 ft, comprising Devonian sandstones, shales, slates and limestones, many of which show dramatic folding. Raised beaches hold large erratic boulders transported to the area by glaciation, including a 12 tonne pink granite boulder at Saunton thought to have originated in north west Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>Designations and amenities</h2><br>
<p>The coastal landscape of the bay forms the core of the North Devon AONB - a designation which also includes sections of the Devon coast to the east and west. In addition the larger part of this coast has also been designated as a part of the North Devon and Hartland Heritage Coasts.</p><br>
<p>The popular national trail, the South West Coast Path, runs the entire length of the bay. There are car parks for visitors at Croyde, Saunton, Braunton Burrows, Northam Burrows, Westward Ho! and Clovelly.</p><br>
<p>The Elgin Tower Building, originally the Home Banks Building, is a historic office building in downtown Elgin, Illinois. The tower is 186 feet tall and 15 stories. It was built in 1929 to house the Home National Bank and Home National Savings and Trust. Though initially successful, the Great Depression devastated the bank only months later. The tower was again prosperous following World War II, when demand for Elgin goods increased. However, this prosperity was only temporary, and the tower again fell on hard times in the 1960s, particularly after the 1965 closing of the Elgin National Watch Company. The tower was eventually purchased by William R. Stickling, who went to great lengths to restore it. It was donated to a charity named in his honor following his 1999 death, and the William R. Stickling Charitable Foundation continues to maintain the structure. Its restoration is considered a major part of a hopeful rehabilitation of downtown Elgin. The tower is one of only two Art Deco buildings in Elgin and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>An elevator in the building, that had a wooden interior was destroyed by an arson fire on May 4, 2014.</p><br>
<p>The building has since been purchased in 2016 by Capstone Development. The Elgin Tower Building will be re-developed into 44 luxury apartments with a fitness center for residents on the top floor. will be overseeing the property management and leasing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Elgin, Illinois was founded on the Fox River in 1835. The Galena and Chicago Union Railroad connected to the city in 1850, allowing Elgin to become a supplier of dairy products to Chicago. In 1865, the Elgin National Watch Company opened and became a major employer. The great success of Elgin National led other manufacturers to build factories within Elgin. Elgins prosperity led to the opening of a number of banks by the late 19th century. The Elgin First National Bank opened in 1865 and was followed by the Home National Bank in 1872. The Aurora, Elgin and Fox River Electric Company opened in 1895, connecting Elgin with other Fox River Valley settlements, and the Aurora, Elgin and Chicago Railroad allowed easy access to and from Chicago in 1903. By 1920, downtown Elgin featured eleven clothing stores, two hotels, two department stores, and a Woolworths. The Home National Bank was an important investor in these businesses, and often had to build extensions on its three-story building in Fountain Square. Home National Savings and Trust was responsible for managing the Elgin National payroll. Eventually, the bank&#39;s officials decided that the small building would no longer suffice, and ordered the construction of a new building in 1927.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the Home Banks Building began in March 1928 and was managed by the St. Louis Building and Equipment Company. It was completed in May 1929 at a cost of $800,000. Home National Bank and Home National Savings and Trust were the main occupants, but they leased many of their new offices to other local businesses, opening at 70% capacity. Its completion of the city&#39;s first skyscraper was seen as the dawning of a new era for Elgin. The bank boasted state-of-the-art vaults, which were fireproof and burglar-proof.</p><br>
<p>However, like many banks of the day, Home National Bank collapsed during the Great Depression. By the time Home National declared bankruptcy in 1932, only 35% of the building was still occupied. The First National Bank of Chicago assumed control of the building in August 1932. The building&#39;s new owner, who renamed the structure the Elgin Tower Building, was able to increase occupancy to 60% thanks in part to a ban on new construction in Elgin. The Depression years were meager, but a Walgreens did open on the ground floor. The end of World War II in 1945 brought a great demand for manufactured supplies, again making Elgin an important industrial center. Also in 1945, investor Otto Pelikan purchased the building. It filled to nearly full capacities from the late 1940s through the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The Elgin Tower Building again declined in usage in the 1960s as demand for Elgins manufactured goods attenuated. Walgreens vacated in 1957, although a successful restaurant opened in its place. The Elgin National Watch Company closed in 1965, signaling the end of Elgins relevance as a major industrial town. Furthermore, a new bypass of Elgin was opened for USA Route 20. The 1971 opening of Woodfield Mall in nearby Schaumburg sharply decreased shopping demand in the city. By 1980, occupancy at Elgin National Tower was as low as 40%. Following Pelikans death in 1967, the tower changed owners several times. The towers facade was restored by the Williams family in 1975 in an effort to rehabilitate the downtown area. Three years later, William Stickling purchased the tower and continued to make improvements. The most substantial of these restorations came in 1996 at a cost of millions of dollars. Special lighting was installed on the building&#39;s exterior in 1999 to showcase its architectural merit. Stickling died later that year, but his benefactors transferred the building to the William R. Stickling Charitable Foundation, who currently maintain the building. An addition was built in 1999 to house, rent-free, the Downtown Neighborhood Association, who intend to revitalize the downtown area. The tower was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 22, 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Elgin Tower Building is located at 100 E. Chicago St. in Elgin, between Douglas and N. Grove Avenues. This area has historically been known as Fountain Square, generally accepted as the downtown area of Elgin. The nearby bridge on Chicago Street was the only bridge across the Fox River at the time of its construction. The fifteen-story structure, designed by W. G. Knoebel, is one of only two Art Deco buildings in the city. The two-story base extends 31 ft beyond the upper thirteen floors on the west side and 25 ft on the west side. Small retail buildings have since adjoined on this base. The building&#39;s entrance, two sets of three glass doors, faces the southwest and is flanked by Corinthian columns. An eagle statue adorns the top of each column. Classic elements are carved into the limestone base, consistent with Art Deco style. Seven bas-relief eagles are carved on the top of the second floor, below a zig-zagging parapet. Windows are arched and feature high relief fasces. A three-faced clock is found on the east corner; the Home National Bank previously advertised the building as "The Bank with the Clock". The clock is in a copper case with copper and bronze ornamentation.</p><br>
<p>Matukutūreia  is one of the volcanic cones in the Auckland volcanic field. It has a peak 73 metres above sea level, and was the site of a pā. The scoria cone was originally crescent-shaped and featured Māori terraces and kumara pits, before extensive quarrying reduced it to a pyramid-shaped mound big enough to support the summit water tank for Papatoetoe. A small part of the summit and the eastern side of the cone were left unquarried, plus a large area of lava flows to the south of the cone remains intact. These remaining parts have recently been transferred to Department of Conservation Management, primarily because of the high heritage values of the Matukuturua Stonefields gardens.</p><br>
<p>Matukutūreia and nearby Wiri Mountain are collectively known as Matukurua (also Ngā Matukurua).</p><br>
<p>From July to September 2010, the water tank was removed from the top of Matukutūreia, as part of an agreement when the land was handed over to the Department of Conservation.</p><br>
<p>The Ulungur River or Urungu , in its upper reaches in Mongolia known as the Bulgan River , is a river of China and Mongolia. It rises in the Altai Mountains in western Mongolia, flows south into China&#39;s Xinjiang , where it turns north-west to empty into the Ulungur Lake. It is about 700 km long.</p><br>
<p>The Irtysh–Karamay Canal crosses the Ulungur River at , on an aqueduct.</p><br>
<h2>Geological history</h2><br>
<p>In the early Quaternary, the Ulungur (as well as the upper Irtysh) flowed into the Dzungarian Basin, terminating in a large lake (the "Old Manas Lake") in the region of today&#39;s Lake Manas. Later tectonic movements redirected the Ulungur onto its current course.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The Sino-Mongolian beaver, Castor fiber birulai, is found only in the basin of the Ulungur River. The population is considered endangered. The Bulgan Beaver Nature Reserve (; ) has been established on the Bulgan River (a tributary of the Ulungur River) in Qinggil (Qinghe) County in 1980 to protect the creatures.</p><br>
<p>Oak Hill is a historic former farmhouse in the southern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located along Dun Road in Ross County,</p><br>
<p>The house was built by George William Dun, a native of Scotland who settled near Chillicothe in 1838. Almost immediately upon taking up residence at the site, he began the construction of his house, which was completed in 1840. A large two-story building constructed in the Federal style of architecture, it represents an American version of the British Adam style.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its well-preserved historic architecture. It received this recognition for multiple reasons: the massive hardwood trees on the grounds evoke a sense of antiquity; the exterior is better preserved than that of almost any other period sandstone house; and the interior retains much of its original condition, including much furniture once owned by George Dun&#39;s ancestors.</p><br>
<p>The Godwin–Knowles House  is a historic former house in downtown East Liverpool, Ohio, United States. A Colonial Revival structure built in 1890,</p><br>
<p>The house was constructed for a Mr. Goodwin, a leader in the pottery industry. Like most buildings in the city&#39;s central business district,</p><br>
<p>After Goodwin left the house, it became the home of his nephew, Homer Knowles, who was likewise a major figure in the citys pottery industry. Knowles only lived in the house for a short time, selling it to the citys Masonic lodge in 1910. Soon after buying the house, the Masons modified the house for their purposes: they enclosed the front porch and expanded the overall facade of the building to provide more interior room for their meetings. These modifications were carried out in the spirit of the original construction: the same types of materials were used as when the house was erected, and additions such as the extended roof and new dormers were built to appear identical to the original features.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, the Godwin–Knowles House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, due to its significance in local history. Due to the care exercised by the Masons in their 1910s renovations and few changes after that date, it closely resembles the grand mansion constructed in 1890. Many other downtown East Liverpool buildings were added to the Register at the same time as part of a multiple property submission. Among them were lodge buildings for two other fraternal organizations: the Elks Club and the Odd Fellows Temple. Sixteen years later, much of the city&#39;s downtown was designated the East Liverpool Downtown Historic District; the Godwin–Knowles House was named one of its contributing properties.</p><br>
<p>The Vanmeter Church Street House is a historic house located along Church Street in Chillicothe, Ohio, United States. Built in 1848 in the Greek Revival style of architecture, After serving in both the Ohio House of Representatives and the Ohio Senate during the 1830s, Vanmeter served a single term in the United States House of Representatives from 1843 to 1845.</p><br>
<p>Vanmeters house is a two-and-a-half story brick building located within a neighborhood of well-preserved nineteenth-century houses. Built of brick laid in a stretcher bond, it has been ranked as one of the areas best Greek Revival structures. Upon his death, Vanmeter bequeathed his house to younger family members; in the late 1970s, it was still owned by Vanmeters.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the Vanmeter Church Street House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, along with two associated outbuildings. It qualified for inclusion on the Register both because of its place in local history and because of its well-preserved historic Greek Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Morris House  is a historic house in Circleville, Ohio, United States. A two-story structure built of brick and sandstone upon a stone foundation and covered with a slate roof, it is divided into seven rooms.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1865 for the family of Samuel Morris, the president of the local Third National Bank. Morris chose many elaborate features for his house, such as decorative slates for the roof, multiple gables on the roofline, and elaborate bargeboards overhanging the ground. Inside, the house retains its original hardwood floors and fireplace mantels. Two porches serve the main entrances to the house: the front porch was part of Morris&#39; design, although the rear porch was built in the early twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>Both before and after the Morris family left the house in 1922, it was well maintained. Today, it is one of Circleville&#39;s best Gothic Revival houses. In recognition of its architectural significance, the Morris House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Two other houses in the same block, known as the William Marshall Anderson and Ansel T. Walling Houses, are also listed on the Register.</p><br>
<p>The Ansel T. Walling House is a historic house in Circleville, Ohio, United States. An Italianate structure that was built in 1869,</p><br>
<p>A native of New York, Walling settled in northeastern Ohio in 1843, where he began to publish a local newspaper. After serving as a clerk for the Ohio House of Representatives, he and his wife Sarah moved to Circleville in 1863; there they bought land and soon began to erect a house. Completed in 1869, its brick walls rest on a foundation of sandstone and are covered with an asphalt roof. Elements such as a bracketed cornice and a pitched roof with prominent eaves make the house distinctively Italianate; it is one of Circleville&#39;s best Italianate houses.</p><br>
<p>Major dates in the Walling Houses history include Wallings death in 1896, his widow&#39;s death in 1922, and its designation as a historic site in 1987. In that year, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its connection to Walling and because of its well-preserved historic architecture. Two other houses in the same block, known as the Morris and William Marshall Houses, are also listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Watt–Groce–Fickhardt House is a historic house in Circleville, Ohio, United States. Located along Main Street on the city&#39;s eastern side, it is a distinctive landmark and has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Circleville was platted in 1810 on a farm owned by Jacob Ziegler and Samuel Watt; later in the year, Ziegler sold his interest in the farm to Watt. With the community&#39;s rapid expansion, Watt sold more land; by 1820, only 148 acre remained in his ownership. Using the money from the land sales, Watt built a new farmhouse in 1826; two stories high, it is a brick structure with a stone foundation and a metal roof. When completed, it was a typical hall and parlor house.</p><br>
<p>As Circleville continued to grow, Watt sold most of his remaining land in 1835; only 5 acre remained after the end of that year. Becoming a leading local businessman, he made an extensive addition to the house in 1852; this new structure took the form of an I-house. A smaller addition, built in 1885, is a frame structure attached to the original portion of the house.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Watt–Groce–Fickhardt House remains a well-preserved example of antebellum architecture. In 1985, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historic architecture and because of its connection to a later resident, John G. Groce, who was a leading member of local society.</p><br>
<p>The Elks Temple in Tacoma, Washington is a historic Beaux Arts building built in 1916.</p><br>
<p>A redevelopment plan for the building was under discussion in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The building is included in the Old City Hall Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Pierce County.</p><br>
<p>Plans announced in July 2009 anticipated renovation by 2012, including conversion of the Elks Lodge&#39;s main meeting room space into 40 hotel rooms.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by architect E. Frere Champney who graduated from the Ecole des Beaux Arts in 1900 and who worked at Carrere and Hastings in Buffalo, New York as chief designer for the firm&#39;s projects at the Pan American Exposition, and who later worked on structures at the 1904 St. Louis Exposition and at the 1905 Lewis and Clark Exposition in Portland, Oregon, before coming to Seattle in 1907.</p><br>
<p>By 1922, due to the extreme growth of the local Elks membership and the inadequacies of the then-current building, an organization, called the Sacramento Elks Hall Association, was founded to construct a new Elks temple in Sacramento.</p><br>
<p>As a result of the association’s efforts, a new, 226-foot-tall, brick and steel Elks temple was constructed at the northeast corner of 11th and J streets and dedicated as the new home of Sacramento Elks Lodge No. 6 on June 22, 1926.</p><br>
<p>The 14-floor building, which was once recognized as the city’s tallest structure, was not only a home for the Elks, but it also included about 100 hotel rooms, storefront spaces on the ground floor and a restaurant on the 14th floor.</p><br>
<p>In 1968, the 13th floor of the building became home to the newly created radio station, KZAP, which debuted on the FM dial as a free form station playing extremely vast offerings of music.</p><br>
<p>Additionally, the building once offered such amenities as a swimming pool and a steam room in the basement, an exercise room on the ground floor, a ballroom and main dining room on the second floor, a lodge room and reading room on the third floor and meeting, billiards and game rooms on the fourth floor.</p><br>
<p>Although many locals are familiar with McCormick and Schmick’s Seafood Restaurant’s existence on the ground floor of the building, many longtime residents of the area remember that the building once featured an entirely different restaurant, which was known as the Top of the Town.</p><br>
<p>The business, thus named for its location on the building’s top floor, was known for its panoramic view of the city, its cocktail lounge and its overall attractive aesthetics and atmosphere.</p><br>
<p>Speaking about the grandness of the 11th and J Street Elks temple in 1926, Walter J. Hicks, exalted ruler of the Sacramento Elks Lodge, said, “I am not proud because we builded higher, not proud because we builded bigger, but proud because we have builded a temple to Elkdome in the city of Sacramento, which already is becoming the topic of conversation wherever Elks congregate and which before long will be instrumental in placing the name of Sacramento on the lips of nearly every Elk throughout the nation.”</p><br>
<p>Due to a decrease in membership during the 1950s and 1960s, the local Elks lodge failed to produce funds for upgrades required by the city’s building department.</p><br>
<p>The Elks consequently sold the building in 1972 to local developer Buzz Oates, who soon afterward joined in a business partnership with Waltz Investment, Richard Benvenutti, William Cook and Dean Unger.</p><br>
<p>Following this group’s ownership, the building underwent a variety of ownerships, as it fell in and out of escrow.</p><br>
<p>This pattern continued until May 2003, when current owners Steve and Mike Ayers committed to having the building renovated through the guidance of Peter B. Dannenfelser II of Architectural Arts.</p><br>
<p>Having sold the 11th and J streets building, Sacramento Elks Lodge No. 6 began a new chapter in its history in the early 1970s, when it moved into its current home on Riverside Boulevard.</p><br>
<p>The Renick Farm is a historic farmstead located along USA Route 23 near the village of South Bloomfield in northern Pickaway County, Ohio, United States. Composed of six buildings dating back to 1830,</p><br>
<p>Farmer Edward Williams bought the land now occupied by the farm in 1820 and soon erected part of the present farmhouse. He owned the property until 1850, when he sold it to Joseph Renick, a member of a prominent Pickaway County family. Soon after taking possession, Renick expanded the house greatly; it reached twice its original size. Its brick walls rest on a stone foundation and are covered with a tin roof. Among its most distinctive architectural elements are two spiral staircases, an ornate cornice with distinctive brackets, and a prominent entryway. Together, these elements combine to form a mix of the Greek Revival and Italianate architectural styles.</p><br>
<p>Except for the period between 1918 and 1977, the farm has remained in Renick family ownership since 1850. It has been remarkably well preserved since its construction, being seen by architectural historians as one of Pickaway County&#39;s best examples of rural nineteenth-century architecture. Because of its distinctive architecture, the farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982; the landmarked area includes the farmhouse and five other buildings spread out over an area of 4 acre.</p><br>
<p>The main farmhouse was torn down on October 11, 2016.</p><br>
<p>Bellevue is a historic farmhouse located near the village of Kingston in southern Pickaway County, Ohio, United States. it was the home of leading early Ohio politician Renick Dunlap.</p><br>
<p>Built from 1835 to 1840, Bellevue was constructed for Colonel William Entrekin, whose family owned the property until its sale to Nelson Dunlap in 1899. Nelsons son Renick held several political offices, including Ohio Secretary of Agriculture, State Senator, and United States Assistant Secretary of Agriculture. His house is a rectangular two-and-a-half story structure, located along State Route 159. The Federal style of its original construction endures little changed to the present day, making the house one of the regions best nineteenth-century farmsteads. In 1976, Bellevue was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, both because of its well-preserved architecture and because of its connection to Renick Dunlap.</p><br>
<p>The Hollister-Parry House is a historic residence in the village of Woodsfield, Ohio, United States. Built in the middle of the 19th century, it has been named a historic site and converted into a museum.</p><br>
<p>The house is named for two of its most prominent early residents, Nathan Hollister and J.R. Parry, M.D. Hollister was the houses first resident; one of Monroe Countys leading lawyers, he arranged for the house&#39;s construction in 1859. Thirty years later, the property was sold to Parry, a doctor whose family owned it until 1974.</p><br>
<p>Built with weatherboarded walls, the two-story house features a small single-story portico over the entrance. The houses central section is divided into three bays: windows fill the side bays on both stories, while the central bay is occupied by an entrance on the first floor and a larger window on the second. This section of the house rises to a gable centering on a small fanlight, while the houses brackets and cornice form a pediment at the top of the gable. A similar portico is placed on the houses western side. Another distinctive component of the architecture is the weatherboarding: although made of wood, the houses exterior has been shaped to resemble the appearance of ashlar decorated with quoins. These elements, together with the house&#39;s blockish shape, combine to give it the appearance of an Italianate residence with Neo-Renaissance influences.</p><br>
<p>Since the days of the Parry family, the house has ceased to be used for residential purposes; it has been converted into a historic house museum, the Parry Museum. It was also recognized for its historic value in 1980, when it was added to the National Register of Historic Places; it is one of ten National Register-listed locations in Monroe County. The house qualified for addition to the Register because of its historically significant architecture, as its high-style architecture creates a vast difference between it and the otherwise largely vernacular appearance of Woodsfield&#39;s built environment.</p><br>
<p>Memorial Washington Reformed Presbyterian Church is a historic church in Elgin, Illinois. It was built in 1844, but has not had regular service since 1906. Due to the infrequency of services, the church earned the moniker The Once-A-Year Church. The simple, vernacular Greek Revivalchurch building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church building was designed by William and Daniel Fraser, who modeled it after a church they previously attended in Scotland. It was built in 1844 by Scottish and Scots-Irish immigrants, many of which became the church&#39;s first members. The church last held regular services on September 9, 1906. Descendants of the early church members organized a committee in 1916 to oversee the care of the church and its adjacent cemetery. This organization holds the only services in the building, a once-a-year gathering of its members every June. This unusual trait earned the church the nickname "The Once-A-Year Church". The church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 19, 1980.</p><br>
<p>The building is rectangular and 24.33 by. The church was originally laid on a wooden foundation; the present stone foundation dates to the 1860s. It is best described as a vernacular Greek Revival building. The east and west facades each feature three double sash windows with green shutters. The main entrance is on the south, flanked by pilasters. The double doorway features a standard wooden cornice lintel, above which is a carved sundial. The south facade also features two windows similar to those on the east and west. The north side features no windows. The inside features one room with its original unfinished wooden floor. The pews and pulpit are also original. A bronze memorial tablet was added near the entrance in 1924.</p><br>
<p>The Meek Mansion is a historic mansion in unincorporated Cherryland, California, just north of Hayward. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Located on nearly 10 acres, the Victorian house was built in 1869 by William Meek.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Meek came to the West Coast in 1846, carrying seeds and grafted trees, via the Oregon Trail. He first settled in the Willamette Valley in Oregon, later moving in 1859 to Alameda County, where he spent the rest of his life.</p><br>
<p>By the time his mansion was built, Meek owned everything from Mission Boulevard to Hesperian Boulevard, and from Lewelling Boulevard to slightly past Winton Avenue, totaling around 3,000 acre. One source claims that the area became known as Cherryland because of the abundance of cherry trees planted by Meek. Meek became a prominent citizen during the remainder of his life, including being a trustee of Mills College and a County Supervisor for Alameda County. After his death in 1880, at the age of 63, Meek left his estate to his sons and it remained in the Meek family until 1940.</p><br>
<p>The Milton Ream family owned the last 10 acres of the original 3000, and in 1964 the home was purchased for $270,000 by the Hayward Area Recreation and Park District (HARD). In 1965, the home was opened to the public and was used for weddings, tours, workshops, and even plays recreating local history. The mansion became a California Point of Historical Interest in 1972 and placed on the National Register of Historic Landmarks in 1973. However, the mansion was closed in 1982 due to wear and tear because of overuse. In 1991, HARD began to work with The Hayward Area Historical Society (HAHS) to upgrade and reopen the home.</p><br>
<p>Between 1964 and 2004, HARD spent $1.9 million in restoring the mansion, its carriage house, and grounds.</p><br>
<p>Once renovations are completed, the historical society plans on opening the mansion as a house museum where people may take paid tours focusing on the different historical eras the house has gone through.</p><br>
<p>An adjacent property, formerly part of the Meek estate, is being developed as a community garden.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The adj=on 7902 mansion contains somewhere between 23 and 27 rooms (sources vary) located on three above-ground levels, with a cupola on the third floor. The home also contains a basement below-ground which has an "unusual" bracing system consisting of thick, diagonally placed timber boards.</p><br>
<p>The edifice itself currently resides on 9.75 acres of land, which functions as a park with picnic areas, paths, and benches among other things.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the years, the home has undergone several renovations. In 1910, bathrooms and running water were added to the home by Meeks&#39; son who resided there. In the 1940s, the Ream family remodeled the kitchen, which is currently still intact in the home, as well as adding bedroom and ballroom space. Recent renovations include all new windows and a new roof to replace the last one that was put in place in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Korab Falls  is a waterfall in the upper course of the Dlaboka River on Mount Korab. It forms in springtime from the melting snow on the east side of Mal Korab peak. The waterfall differs in height and intensity, depending on the season. It is the highest waterfall in Macedonia and the Balkan Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>There are different sources about the height of the waterfall, and the calculated drop varies from 100 to 138 m. The exact height may differ in different points that are taken as its top and bottom, at different measurements. The upper point is at approximately 2,120 m above sea level, and the lower is at around 1,990 m.</p><br>
<p>The highest water levels are in late May and early June, and afterwards the level drops throughout the summer. During very dry summers, the waterfall may dry out in late August and September.</p><br>
<p>The best track route to the waterfall is the one that leads through the river canyon. It can be accessed both from the left bank of the river through the villages of Nistrovo and Zuznje, or from the right bank from Bibaj, beneath Kabash Peak. The routes are poorly marked, covered with overgrowth, and there are several unsecured river crossings.</p><br>
<p>The Eindhovensch Kanaal  is a channel in the Dutch province of North-Brabant. It connects the center of Eindhoven with the Zuid-Willemsvaart. It was dug in the period 1843-1846, commissioned by the town of Eindhoven. The canal is 13.9 kilometers long and runs by a number of Eindhoven industrial areas and the towns of Geldrop, Mierlo and Helmond. The canal runs over the Kleine Dommel and the Goorloop, which are led under the channel by ducts.</p><br>
<p>The channel has not been in use for commercial shipping since 1971. However, the channel sees much recreational use; it is used for sport fishing, there is a bicycle path and a number of local rowing associations use it for practice.</p><br>
<p>The spelling Eindhovensch Kanaal is old-fashioned and the common spelling in Dutch is Eindhovens Kanaal nowadays. However, Eindhovensch Kanaal is still the official spelling.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After the resurrection of The Netherlands in 1813 and during the start of the Industrial Revolution, the city fathers of Eindhoven felt a need to connect the city to the existing waterways. This implied the need for a new canal, due to the distance to the Zuid-Willemsvaart. The Belgian Revolution delayed the construction of this canal, but a permit for a canal was issued in 1843. The permit was for a canal that crossed the Kleine Dommel and the Goorloop, which necessitated the construction of ducts for those streams. In addition to those ducts ten wooden bridges were constructed, high enough to let boats pass underneath. Finally, a winding hole was laid in Tongelre and a sluice was installed at the channel mouth in the Zuid-Willemsvaart. The completed channel was opened for use in 1846.</p><br>
<p>The main use of the channel was in the transport of heavy goods: machinery for the industry as well as bulk cargoes of charcoal and rough wool, plus wood for the matchmaking and cigarbox factories. Later on a steam connection to Rotterdam was added, with the first steam boat traversing the canal in 1862. This brought new industry to Eindhoven around the harbor, such as the old Eindhoven gas works. This in turn inspired more infrastructure, including a tram bridge near Mierlo (the foundations of which are still visible).</p><br>
<p>The Eindhoven Channel was widened and modernized between 1929 and 1934. After World War II the internal shipping of the country (including to Eindhoven) temporarily rebounded. But the rise of motorized road transport soon and permanently killed it off again and the channel was closed to commercial shipping in 1974. There were plans for a while to drain the canal and lay a motorway on its bed, but those plans were canceled in the failing economy of the times. The canal is currently a quiet nature area for recreational use and is part of the Ecological Mainline.</p><br>
<h2>Nature and landscape</h2><br>
<p>The channel landscape is very interesting from an ecological point of view. The banks are lined with reeds and carices, the paths with wild flowers such as Solomon&#39;s Seal. The water hosts several remarkable water plants such as potamogetons, water soldier and the rare brittle waternymph (which spread into the channel in 1992). The old harbor area is also a nature area now, featuring several introduced species of plants; very notable among these is the Forez striped fern, which was discovered in the harbor in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Eindhoven Channel crossed the drainage areas of the Kleine Dommel and the Goorloop. This means that the bicycle patch along the canal is also a natural access path to the Hulsterbroek, Urkhovense Zeggen and Groot Goor nature preserves.</p><br>
<h2>Monuments</h2><br>
<p>The lift bridge over the channel in Eindhoven is an industrial monument (together with a number of nearby buildings, one of which &ndash; the former ice cream factory of Tongelre &ndash; houses the DAF museum). Some of the original street paving with the original cobblestones has been preserved here as well.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Golden Anniversary State Forest is a state forest located near Grand Rapids in southern Itasca County, Minnesota. The forest was established in 1961 in celebration of the golden anniversary of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources&#39;s Division of Forestry, which is responsible for the management of the majority of the state forests in Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>An abundance of wildlife is present in the forest with its variety of tree species, namely aspen, Northern Whitecedar, northern hardwoods, White Spruce, Balsam Fir, Red Pine, and Eastern White Pine. Management efforts in the forest are currently working towards creating more habitat for Ruffed Grouse. White-tailed deer are common in the forest and have established a deer yard near Cowhorn Lake, where waterfowl species are also present.</p><br>
<p>Other outdoor recreational activities include hunting, picnicking, and backcountry camping. A boat launch makes Cowhorn Lake accessible for fishing, as well as swimming. Trails include 7 mi designated for cross-country skiing, of which 5.5 mi are open for mountain biking in the summertime.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Portage State Forest is a state forest located near the community of Hovland in Cook County, in extreme northeastern Minnesota. The forest encloses Judge C. R. Magney State Park, Swamp River Wildlife Management Area, Hovland Woods Scientific and Natural Area, and Spring Beauty Hardwoods Scientific and Natural Area. It borders the Grand Portage Indian Reservation to the east, the Superior National Forest to the west, and Ontario to the north. The forest is named after the Grand Portage, a historic trade route between the Great Lakes and the Northwest.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area was extensively logged in the early 20th century, and abandoned logging camps can still be found throughout the forest. The Pigeon River Company, the Hughes Brothers Timber Company, and the George W. Mead Company were responsible for the harvest of millions of board feet of White Pine and Northern White Cedar timber, and pulpwood from the black and white spruce found in the forest. Cut pulpwood was usually rafted on Lake Superior to pulp mills in Wisconsin. Wildfires historically played a large part in the formation of the forest&#39;s woods. In 1910, a wildfire burned through much of the southeast portion of the forest, and in 1936, 10,000 acre of the central part of the forest were burned.</p><br>
<p>The state forest was established in 1933. By June of that year, passage of the Emergency Conservation Work Act and creation of the Civilian Conservation Corps led to establishment of CCC Camp S-62 in Hovland by Company 722. For the next four years, under the direct of State Forest Service personnel, the company planted trees, fought wildfires, and built roads, fire towers, buildings, and recreational facilities on the forest.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Located in the Arrowhead Region of the state, the forest has a number of regional trails. The Border Route Trail follows the Pigeon River, which is the northern limit of the forest and forms the international border between the United States and Canada. This trail connects with the Superior Hiking Trail in the northeastern portion of the forest.</p><br>
<p>The abundance of lakes in the forest make fishing and water recreation very popular. There are nine boat launches in the forest, including one at McFarland Lake in the northernmost area of the forest, which serves as the easternmost entrance to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. Other outdoor recreational activities include picnicking; 30 mi of designated hiking trails, 40 mi for snowmobiling, and over 60 mi for cross-country skiing. Backcountry camping is offered as an alternative to camping at the three established campgrounds.</p><br>
<p>Clarissa C. Cook Library/Blue Ribbon News Building was located at 528 Brady Street, Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was noted on the National Register of Historic Places in April, 1983 as Cook Memorial Library and listed in July 1983 under the "Clarissa C. Cook Library/Blue Ribbon News Bldg." name. It has subsequently been torn down, and was delisted from the National Register in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Ebenezer and Clarissa Cook</h2><br>
<p>Ebenezer Cook was born February 14, 1810, in Oneida County, New York to Ira and Rachel (Faxon) Cook. His younger brother was John Parsons Cook, and the two worked together their whole lives. Ebenezer bought 1,200 acre of land in 1835 that would in time become part of the city of Davenport, and moved there with his extended family in 1836. He and his brother entered the legal profession and helped establish Scott County in what was then the Wisconsin Territory. They were joined in their law practice with John Forrest Dillon, who later became a judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Eighth Circuit. The brothers became involved in banking and set up a chain of private banks across Iowa and Western Illinois until the country-wide panic which began in 1857. In 1851 the brothers were influential in routing the railroad through Davenport. Ebenezer became a director and then vice president of the Mississippi and Missouri Railroad when it was organized in 1853, and upon its subsequent consolidation became a director and later vice president of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway. Prior to his death, the railway company was without a president and he looked after its operations. Ebenezer Cook died October 7, 1871.</p><br>
<p>Clarissa C. (Bryan) Cook was born August 4, 1811, in Sydney, Delaware County, New York and died February 19, 1879. She was a daughter of Fowler P. and Lucretia Bryan. She was known for carrying out the wishes of her husband and their philanthropy to the City of Davenport and the Episcopal Church. Through her generosity, both during her life and after her death, she was instrumental in building Trinity Church, a library, the Clarissa Cook Home for the Friendless and the establishment of a number of trusts for the benefit of the Episcopal parishes and activities in the Diocese of Iowa and elsewhere.</p><br>
<h2>Clarissa C. Cook Library</h2><br>
<p>The first library association in the city of Davenport was organized in April 1839 and called the Carey Library Association of the Town of Davenport. However, there is no mention of it after that date. There were other attempts at starting a library in the town but finances were always a problem.</p><br>
<p>On July 6, 1877, Clarissa Cook contacted the Library Association, and offered to donate $10,000 for a library building. She stipulated that the property had to be bought by the people of Davenport. She donated the money in memory of her husband who had desired to establish a library in the town. He had bequeathed the money in his will to the existing library to be paid after his wife&#39;s death, however, Mrs. Cook decided to make the payment at this time.</p><br>
<p>On November 7, 1877, the cornerstone of the Cook Memorial Library was laid in a Masonic ceremony. Judge John Forrest Dillon delivered an address. Another $1,000 was needed to complete the building and it was paid for by Mrs. Cook. The new building was dedicated in July 1878.</p><br>
<p>The library suffered from poor finances as before and in January 1900 Andrew Carnegie, who had been an honorary member of the library board, offered $50,000 to establish a public library. In May of that year the first board of public library trustees was named and a year later Carnegie upped his donation to $75,000. The new library was opened on the corner of Main and Fourth Streets in 1904 and the contents of the Cook library were moved to the new location.</p><br>
<h2>Blue Ribbon News</h2><br>
<p>The Blue Ribbon News was a temperance newspaper with a Republican point of view that was founded in Davenport in 1878. Early publishers of the paper included Dr. J.B. Morgan, George W. Calderwood and Solon H. Fidlar. Its investors sold the paper to E.W. Brady in 1879 and they renamed it the Northwestern News. The paper flourished in the 1880s and it changed its name again in 1886 to the Davenport Daily Times. In 1899 the Brady family sold the paper to A.W. Lee who published the Ottumwa Courier of Ottumwa, Iowa. This was the beginning of Lee Enterprises.</p><br>
<p>Clarissa Cook Home for the Friendless is an historic building located in the west end of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Ebenezer and Clarissa Cook</h2><br>
<p>Ebenezer Cook was born February 14, 1810 in Oneida County, New York to Ira and Rachel (Faxon) Cook. His younger brother was John Parsons Cook, and the two worked together their whole lives. Ebenezer bought 1,200 acre of land in 1835 that would in time become part of the city of Davenport, and moved there with his extended family in 1836. He and his brother entered the legal profession and helped establish Scott County in what was then the Wisconsin Territory. They were joined in their law practice with John Forrest Dillon, who later became judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Eighth Circuit. The brothers became involved in banking and set up a chain of private banks across Iowa and Western Illinois until the country-wide panic which began in 1857. In 1851 the brothers were influential in routing the railroad through Davenport. Ebenezer became a director and then vice president of the Mississippi and Missouri Railroad when it was organized in 1853, and upon its subsequent consolidation became a director and later vice president of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway. Ebenezer Cook died October 7, 1871.</p><br>
<p>Clarissa C. (Bryan) Cook was born August 4, 1811 in Sydney, Delaware County, New York and died February 19, 1879. She was a daughter of Fowler P. and Lucretia Bryan. She was known for carrying out the wishes of her husband and their philanthropy to the City of Davenport and the Episcopal Church. Through her generosity, both during her life and after her death, she was instrumental in building Trinity Church, the Cook Memorial Library, the Clarissa Cook Home for the Friendless and the establishment of a number of trusts for the benefit of the Episcopal parishes and activities in the Diocese of Iowa and elsewhere.</p><br>
<h2>Clarissa Cook Home for the Friendless</h2><br>
<p>In 1884 the Rt. Rev. William Stevens Perry proposed a goal to the Diocesan Convention that the Diocese of Iowa undertake a greater role in social ministry. The inspiration was the Social Gospel Movement that was popular at the time. The Clarissa Cook Home became part of the mission of the diocese to carry out this goal. The original focus of the facility was indigent women who were 60 years of age or older. They were required to pay a $100 admission fee and they were given a place to live for the rest of their lives. They were also required to have a black dress for their burial and a Bible. The home was set up for communal-style living. As time went on the home continued with a more general philosophy of housing elderly women without reference to their economic situation. The name of the facility was shortened to the Clarissa C. Cook Home. A gardener&#39;s cottage was added to the facility in 1893.</p><br>
<p>The facility was built on the former Ira Cook family homestead. The property contained the home, a stable for two cows, henhouse, garden, grape arbor, and a root cellar. It was originally located on a 15.3 acre site that was reduced to 5.3 acre in 1905. In that year 10 acre was used to create a new neighborhood in Davenport&#39;s West End. The lots were sold for $650 and the Cook Home underwrote the sales with loans so that those that bought the lots could build new houses.</p><br>
<p>In 1932 investment income and monthly income was no longer able to cover expenses. From 1932 to 1939 the Cook Home received financial assistance from the City of Davenport and Scott County. Many of the residents started to pay rent. The Home then experienced difficulties in retaining employees during World War II.</p><br>
<p>In March 2012 it was announced that because of the expansion of government subsidized housing in the area the home would close on September 30. At the time there were twelve residents. At its peak it housed twenty residents. The Clarissa Cook board approached other non-profits about their interest in the property. In 2013 they donated the building to the Evangelical Lutheran Good Samaritan Society. The 35-room structure was renovated into nine apartments for senior citizens and they also provide senior living services. The project was completed in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Clarissa Cook Home was designed by Springfield, Massachusetts architect E.C. Gardner, and A.N. Carpenter served as the landscape architect. The building was constructed by local contractor T.M. McClelland. While the building does not follow any particular architectural style it represents the trends that were popular in Victorian America. It has a somewhat medieval appearance, with heavy masonry, a polychrome exterior, numerous gabled pavilions, and a central entrance tower. The buildings limestone came from the Cook familys quarry near Buffalo, Iowa. The horizontality of the building is enhanced through its rectangular plan and beltcoursing. The 2½-story building is capped with a hipped roof. Over the years the building was updated. An elevator was added in 1946 and sprinklers were added in 1961. The nine apartments that were created in the facility in 2015 range in size from over 500 ft&sup2; to over 900 ft&sup2;. The first floor continues to have common space for residents to use and many of the original architectural details remain on that floor as well.</p><br>
<p>Bullocks Pasadena, located at 401 S. Lake Ave. in Pasadena, California, is a 240,000-square foot  Streamline Moderne Art Deco architectural style building now a Macys department store.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Design</h3><br>
<p>The building was designed by noted Los Angeles architects Wurdeman & Becket, a partnership between Welton Becket and Walter Wurdemen. In addition to the building itself, the architects oversaw the design and installation of all aspects of the stores interior, from the wallpaper and display cases, to the unique mechanical conveyor system that delivered purchases directly to the parking lot. This attention to detail reflected the architects philosophy of "total design," or taking responsibility for master planning, engineering, interiors, fixtures and furnishings, landscape, signage and graphics. The department store was purposely crafted to evoke an atmosphere of a "home" or that of an exclusive country club, in keeping with the company president&#39;s vision.</p><br>
<p>The design and merchandising of store were unique and stood in contrast to many older department stores of the time. Bullock&#39;s Pasadena was among the first department stores in the country to be located outside of a downtown area and was intended to appeal to the emerging "carriage trade," or those shoppers arriving by automobiles. As such, the store was oriented toward an unheard of 6 acre parking lot located behind the structure.</p><br>
<h3>Notability</h3><br>
<p>The stores promoters touted it as the "store of tomorrow" and Arts and Architecture magazine described it as "one of the worlds most modern buildings." In fact, the design was recipient of an AIA Merit Award in 1950.</p><br>
<p>The store&#39;s elegance and prestige was the impetus for a surge in commercial development on both sides of South Lake Avenue following the Second World War. Previously a residential street bounded by houses, the street was soon dotted with upscale shops, boutiques, national retailers and restaurants and became known as one of the premiere shopping destinations in the San Gabriel Valley.</p><br>
<h3>Decline</h3><br>
<p>The South Lake Avenue shopping district, in which Bullocks Pasadena was a major player, started to lose its luster in the late 1980s. While Pasadenas once-seedy Old Town district was reborn as a trendy shopping and entertainment district, once-proud South Lake Avenue lost much of its distinction. It is, however, still considered a distinctive and more exclusive.shopping district with surrounding boutiques, starred restaurants and enjoys the patronage of nearbyCalifornia Institute of Technology and next.door San Marino,</p><br>
<h3>Current use of building</h3><br>
<p>On July 12, 1996, the building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places as No. 96000776. In May 2000, the city of Pasadena&#39;s Design Review Board granted approval for a redevelopment of the building as part of a new shopping area called "The Shops on Lake Avenue," a $33 million project, featuring specialty shops, 27,000 ft&sup2; of new restaurants and a new 300-space-parking garage, increasing parking capacity to nearly 1,200 spaces. Developed by Cleveland, Ohio-based Forest City Development California, Inc. and owned by Federated Department Stores, the project opened in the spring of 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Francis Land House, or Rose Hall, is a historic brick house in located within the Rose Hall District near Princess Anne Plaza in Virginia Beach, Virginia. It was the plantation home of the prominent Land family, a founding family of Princess Anne County, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Land family history on the site spanned the 1630s to the 1850s. The house passed through six males named Francis Land and then the last Francis&#39; daughters before being sold to another family. Slaves were first documented on the site in 1694, with importation of new slaves up to the 1730s. In the mid-18th century the plantation had as many as 20 slaves. The first Francis Land arrived in the area in 1638–1639 and later acquired 1,020 acres of land by 1654, 200 of which was acquired via head rights by bringing four people with him. The plantation got as small as 350 acres over the next 150 years and at the time the current house was built the plantation was just under 700 acres. The current house sits on 7 acres of that original plantation, and is now in the midst of a very commercialized area.</p><br>
<p>The house was at one time thought to have been built in 1732, but recent research has placed its construction in the period 1805–1810 by Francis Land VI. Francis VI and his family lived there around 1805–1819, when Francis VI died. When Francis Moseley Land built the house his family had already been living on that land for 150 years. Francis VI and his wife had two daughters, Mary E. Land and Anne White Land. Mary married John Newton Walke (their son Frank Anthony Walke was a Confederate Soldier). Anne married John Minson Galt in 1833. Their son Francis Land Galt was surgeon and acting paymaster of the famed Confederate raider CSS Alabama. Mary and Anne held onto the land until about 1850–1851, when it was first sold outside their family. The roof was raised 20 in in 1912. It continued functioning as various types of farms until the 1940s, at which time it was a dairy farm. By the 1950s the area began to have businesses and a major road. During the mid-late 1900s, the house was the Rose Hall Dress Shop.</p><br>
<p>In the early-mid-1970s a developer wanted to tear down the house and build a shopping mall, but the City of Virginia Beach stepped in purchased the house and land in 1975; subsequently operating it as a historic house museum since 1986. Special programs for schools, Scouts, and the general public are offered throughout the year. Adjacent to the house are the Rose Hall Apartments and Rose Hall Professional Center.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house&#39;s exterior is Georgian style and the inside features period rooms furnished with Federal style antiques and reproductions with heart of pine floors. The exterior walls are double depth Flemish bond brickwork. The manicured grounds include herb, vegetable, flax, formal, and "pleasure" gardens, as well as a history park which includes a constructed.1 mi nature trail in a wooded wetland with interpretive sign exhibit. The trail leads to what was once the Pine Tree Branch of the Lynnhaven River. There is a spinning wheel demonstration that shows how the family made clothing from its sheep. A Midsummer Celebration based on a medieval theme has been held annually during the summer solstice for over 20 years.</p><br>
<h2>Listing</h2><br>
<p>The house was listed in the Virginia Landmarks Register (Virginia Historic Landmark) and the US National Register of Historic Places in 1975. While the house has a plaque stating it was placed on the National Register of Historic Landmarks in 1975, it does not appear on the official National Park Service listing of National Historic Landmarks (NHL) for Virginia. If not already listed on the National Register of Historic Places, an NHL is automatically added to the Register upon designation. About three percent of Register listings are NHLs.</p><br>
<p>The Hobson Site  is a Native American archaeological site located 1.5 mi below Middleport, Ohio on the north bank of the Ohio River. It has minor traces of Archaic, Woodland and Late Prehistoric artifacts. However, the largest component is a small village and cemetery of the Feurt Phase of the Fort Ancient culture originally estimated to date to 1100 to 1200 CE. More recent radiocarbon-dating has provided a date of 1350 CE.</p><br>
<h2>Abstract</h2><br>
<p>The type of earlier pottery, in quoting James L. Murphy, "cannot be distinguished from the late Middle Woodland Watson Ware of the upper Ohio Valley nor from the Late Woodland Peters Cordmarked Ware from the Scioto and Hocking Valley drainages". Murphy, in 1968, explained the dominance at the site of smooth-surfaced shell-tempered sherds has an even more striking similarity between the Hobson Site and the components in the Hocking Valley of the Fort Ancient Tradition. The archaeologist found 791 plain, shell tempered body sherds. Ten fragments of pottery were found having thick strap handles and two lug handles, with punctate and incised decoration. These sherds most closely resemble ceramic material from the Feurt Phase of the Scioto and Hocking valleys.</p><br>
<p>The artifacts of flint, hematite, animal bone, shell and pottery were typical of the Feurt Phase of the Fort Ancient Tradition. The majority of the Hobson flint arrowheads were elongated and triangular shaped with straight or concave sides and convex bases.</p><br>
<h2>Material tradition</h2><br>
<p>As with other phases within the contemporaneous Fort Ancient Tradition, local freshwater shell was used for tools and jewelry. Animal bone and shell were used for garden hoes. Animal bone was shaped for use as tools. These included awls, punches, fish hooks, bone needles, and hide scrapers. Animal bone artifacts included beads, hair pins, pendants, and tinklers. The vertebrate fauna at Hobson was dominated by deer and turkey but also included raccoon, elk, fish, and turtle.</p><br>
<h2>Burial</h2><br>
<p>Construction and looting at the site destroyed all but one of the human burials before excavation could be undertaken. The single Hobson site burial retrieved during archaeological investigations was semiflexed, with knees removed by historic era plowing. The male was estimated at 22–23 years of age and had ankylosis of the vertebrae from the second cervical to the third thoracic being fused. Two of the skeletons lumbar vertebrae were penetrated by triangular flint arrow points.</p><br>
<p>The Hardin Village Site  The site was first inhabited sometime in the early 16th century and abandoned by 1625. This era of protohistory saw the arrival of Europeans in North America, although by the time they made it to this area, the village had been long abandoned.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The Hardin Village site is located on the large flat 2 km wide floodplain terrace of the Ohio River, a little over 3 mi from present day South Shore, Kentucky. It was occupied from sometime in the early 16th century and abandoned by about 1625, during the Montour Phase of the Fort Ancient chronology. Like other Fort Ancient villages it had a defensive palisade surrounding it, but unlike other sites it does not seem to have had a central oval plaza. In most other towns of the culture the houses would face into the oval plaza, but at Hardin they seem to have been arranged in clusters, although this may actually be the result of the rebuilding of a new houses in the same general location as the older demolished houses. Houses were built using the single set post method, meaning each individual post was set in its own individual hole, then the rectangular structure was covered in bark, thatch, or skins, probably resembling Iroquoian longhouses. Interior posts helped to support the roof and storage pits lined the interior of the walls. Thin partitions divided the large structures into multi-family dwellings. A gap between two larger posts set on the river sides of the houses was used as the doorway. The houses could be quit large, some measuring up to 9.1 m by 21.5 m, but the average size was 132.9 m&sup2;.</p><br>
<h2>Material culture</h2><br>
<p>As with other peoples of the era, mussel shells from local stream were used for tools and jewelry. Animal bone and shell attached to prepared tree limbs were also used for hoes in their gardens. Animal bone was shaped for use as tools. These included awls, punches, fish hooks, bone needles, and hide scrapers. Their jewelry included beads, hair pins, pendants, tinklers, and bone and shell gorgets. Gourds from their garden and turtle shell were used for ceremonial rattles.</p><br>
<h3>Ceramics</h3><br>
<p>Pottery at the Hardin site was similar to that made and found at other Fort Ancient sites. Women would use ground mussel shell as a tempering agent, it was added to wet clay and finely kneaded in. This technique of using ground mussel shell is a hallmark of Mississippian cultures to the south and west of the Fort Ancient, and displays how they were influenced by that culture. The clay would then be rolled into strips and layered and smoothed to form the appropriate shapes. It was then decorated with a variety of methods such as engraving designs with a sharpened stick, cordmarking with twine, stamping, and beating with a wooden paddle. The majority of the pottery found at the site is of the Madisonville-Fox Farm Cordmarked(about 75% of examples) and Madisonville Plain, with Fox Farm Saltpan, Madisonville Groove Paddled, Madisonville Net-Impressed and Fox Farm Check Stamped showing up as minor types. These decorations and shapes were unique to Fort Ancient culture and are used as diagnostic tools for identifying their sites, which period in the chronology the sites are from and which other groups they interacted with the most.</p><br>
<h3>Mortuary practices</h3><br>
<p>Burials for the village would be made in designated areas of the village. A total of 301 to 445 burials have been found at the site by archaeologists, the largest number of burials found in a Kentucky Fort Ancient site. Most of these burials were in the extended position, stretched straight out. A small percentage of burials at the site have been of other types, including in the flexed position (with the knees drawn up), bundle burials (excarnated bones reburied as a bundle) and graves with stone slabs. About half of the burials contained grave goods, including pottery and stone tools. These utilitarian wares were more often interred with adults. Exotic goods were more likely to be interred with children up to about 4 years old (excluding those 1 year old or less) and adults over about 50, with males being buried with nonlocal engraved shell ornaments, hematite and metal objects made from brass tubes and copper from European sources. These exotic trade objects came by way of Mississippian culture peoples to the south and west of the Fort Ancient peoples. By the time French and English explorers reached the area, the village had long been abandoned.</p><br>
<p>Analysis of these burials has shown that Fort Ancient peoples were not as healthy as their less agrarian ancestors, a byproduct of their heavy dependence on maize agriculture. The chronic malnutrition and niacin deficiency caused by the eating of maize as their major food source caused many of the Fort Ancient peoples to have high rates of arthritis, dental diseases, lower life expectancies and a high infant mortality. This chronic malnutrition also made them prone to other infections, such as tuberculosis (which only a few specimens exhibited) and treponematosis (a non venereal form of yaws or syphilis) a disease which many were found to have been afflicted with.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>The site was excavated in the late 1930s, again in 1966 and, most recently, in 2015 by archaeologists from the University of Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>Guide Rock, whose Pawnee name is Pa-hur or Pahur, is a hill in south central Nebraska in the United States. In the traditional Pawnee religion, it was one of five dwelling places of spirit animals with miraculous powers.</p><br>
<p>In 1806, separate expeditions led by Facundo Melgares and Zebulon Pike both journeyed to a large Pawnee village nearby; Pike persuaded the inhabitants to lower the recently received flag of Spain and replace it with that of the United States.</p><br>
<p>The hill&#39;s English name was given to the nearby village of Guide Rock, Nebraska.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Guide Rock is located in Webster County, Nebraska. It lies southeast of the town that bears its name, on the south side of the Republican River and just east of Rankin Creek.</p><br>
<p>Descriptions of the landform vary. The United States Geological Survey classifies it as a "pillar", which it defines as a "ertical, standing, often spire-shaped, natural rock formation".</p><br>
<p>A local writer described it as a "vast rocky bluff".</p><br>
<p>However, the authors of Roadside Geology of Nebraska state that it is "not so much a rock as a loess bluff of modest size".</p><br>
<p>The difference might be due to human action: in 1973, it was reported that of the five sacred places of the Pawnee, four, including this one, had been "extensively damaged or totally destroyed".</p><br>
<h2>Pawnee traditional belief</h2><br>
<p>In the Pawnee traditional religion, the supreme being Tirawa allots supernatural powers to certain animals. These animals, the nahurac, act as Tirawa&#39;s servants and messengers, and intercede for the Pawnee with Tirawa.</p><br>
<p>The nahurac had five lodges. The foremost among them was Pahuk, usually translated "hill island", a bluff on the south side of the Platte River, near the town of Cedar Bluffs in present-day Saunders County, Nebraska.</p><br>
<p>Lalawakohtito, or "dark island", was an island in the Platte near Central City, Nebraska; Ahkawitakol, or "white bank", was on the Loup River opposite the mouth of the Cedar River in what is now Nance County, Nebraska. Kitzawitzuk, translated "water on a bank", also known to the Pawnee as Pahowa, was a spring on the Solomon River</p><br>
<p>near Glen Elder, Kansas; it is usually known today by its Kanza-derived name of Waconda Spring. It now lies beneath the waters of Waconda Reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The fifth lodge of the nahurac was known to the Pawnee as Pahur, a name translated as "hill that points the way". According to George Bird Grinnell, the accent is on the second syllable; the "a" in the first syllable is pronounced like the "a" in "father&quot and the "u" in the second syllable is pronounced long, like the vowel in "pool". In English, the name was shortened to "Guide Rock".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Pawnee village</h3><br>
<p>The Pawnee tended to locate major population centers near homes of the nahurac. Pahur was no exception: a large village of the Kitkehahki, or Republican Pawnee, was situated a short distance upstream from the hill.</p><br>
<p>The village was intermittently occupied from about 1770 to 1830.</p><br>
<p>After the Louisiana Purchase, the United States found itself embroiled in a conflict with Spain, which disputed the boundaries of the Louisiana Territory, contending that most of the territory west of the Mississippi River belonged to them. The Spanish dispatched four expeditions from Santa Fe to find and arrest the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The fourth of these, in 1806, consisted of over 600 men under Lieutenant Facundo Melgares; its size was intended to impress the Native Americans of the area and to secure their cooperation with Spain against the United States.</p><br>
<p>The United States also sent out an expedition in 1806. General James Wilkinson, the newly appointed governor of the Louisiana Territory, dispatched Zebulon Pike and 23 men to explore the headwaters of the Arkansas and Red Rivers, to negotiate peace between the Native American tribes of the area, and to contact the Comanche of the High Plains.</p><br>
<p>Melgares and 360 of his men arrived at the Guide Rock Pawnee village.</p><br>
<p>They gave presents and a Spanish flag to the inhabitants, and requested that they block travel west and southwest into Spanish-claimed territory by anyone from the United States.</p><br>
<p>Rather than continuing toward the Missouri, they then returned to the Arkansas River, where they rejoined the rest of their party; from there, they returned to Santa Fe. The failure of their expediiton has been attributed to Pawnee opposition, combined with the difficulty of maintaining a force of that size on the country with no supply lines.</p><br>
<p>The Pike party arrived at the Guide Rock village on September 25, 1806, a few weeks after Melgares&#39;s departure, and remained there for nearly two weeks.</p><br>
<p>However, he left the Spanish flag in the possession of the Pawnee, only asking that they not fly it while his party was in the village.</p><br>
<p>When Pike prepared to depart, the Pawnee informed him that they would oppose his attempt to continue westward. Melgares had requested that they prevent such travel; furthermore, they did not want the United States to establish relations with their Comanche enemies. Pike refused to be intimidated, making it clear that if fighting ensued, his party would kill a great many Pawnee before their own extermination. In the end, the Pawnee relented, and Pike&#39;s expedition was allowed to proceed.</p><br>
<h3>Guide Rock, Nebraska</h3><br>
<p>The first settlement established by homesteaders in Webster County was established on the north side of the Republican River.</p><br>
<p>By a unanimous vote of eight settlers, it was named Guide Rock after the nearby hill.</p><br>
<p>An annual festival held in Guide Rock is called "Pa-Hur Days".</p><br>
<p>Mount Ḥaṣṣ or Mount Aḥaṣṣ  is a 500-metre-high plateau  on the northern fringe of the Syrian Desert. It is located in the Safīrah District of Aleppo Governorate in Syria.</p><br>
<h2>Location and description</h2><br>
<p>The plateau extends for 60 km with a width of about 30 km on the western side of Lake Jabboul from Safīrah in the north to Sabkhat Kharāyij and Sabkhat Ḥammām in the south. To the east lie the Qinnasrīn plain (southern Aleppo plain) and the Maṭkh lowland. A lesser elevation called Mount Shabīth (جبل شبيث) (highest point 360 m) is found in the southeast, beyond which lie Sabkhat Shabīth. The plain of Khunāṣir separates between Mount Ḥaṣṣ and Mount Shabīth.</p><br>
<p>The area has more than 150 villages inhabited by Bedouins or people of Bedouinic ancestry. It is one of the poorest in Syria. A development project has been going on to improve living standards.</p><br>
<p>An ancient fortress from the classical period has been recently uncovered on Mount Ḥaṣṣ.</p><br>
<p>Caughnawaga Indian Village Site  is an archaeological site located just west of Fonda in Montgomery County, New York. It is the location of a 17th-century Mohawk nation village. The Mohawk later moved to other areas, and were mostly forced out of New York after the American Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<p>The site was discovered in 1950 by Rev. Thomas Grassmann. It is the only completely excavated Mohawk village in the country.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Mohawk village site has been marked with stakes to show the outlines of the 12 longhouses and stockade that were built there 300 years ago. The entire site is open to the public. People may walk around the former village and see the foundations of the Caughnawaga longhouses and the layout. The site is on a hill. The archeological site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Below it have been constructed the Mohawk-Caughnawaga museum and the National Shrine of Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha, canonized in the 20th century as the first Native American saint in the Roman Catholic Church.</p><br>
<p>The name Caughnawaga is derived from the Mohawk word kahnawà:ke, meaning "place of the rapids", referring to the rapids of the Mohawk River.</p><br>
<p>It is also known as Indian Castle, or Gandaouage; or Kachnawage in Mohawk, meaning "castle" or "fortified place." This village with its defensive palisade was the Native American form of a castle. The site overlooks the Mohawk River and is also close to a natural spring.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Caughnawaga was occupied by the Mohawk from 1666 to 1693. French Jesuits established a mission there, which operated for about 10 years ranging from 1668 to 1679; they taught some of the Mohawk to read and write in French, as well as teaching them about Christianity. It is now believed that the village known as "Caughnawaga" was located upstream at the "Fox Farm site" until 1679, at which time it moved to this location.</p><br>
<p>Archeologist Dean Snow gives a population estimate of around 300 people for the Mohawk village. This was fewer than had lived at the Fox Farm site, due to the departure of the Catholic Mohawk to a village south of Montreal on the St. Lawrence River in Canada by 1679.</p><br>
<p>The site is now a center for recreation and culture.</p><br>
